Medical: Obesity
Obesity, obesity, obesity
These terms are used in Germany equivalent to the term Obesity second hand. The term Obesity is no longer used because it can have a discriminatory effect and is also medically incorrect.
All terms describe people who are “heavier” than others and usually have increased body fat. One speaks of being overweight when that body weight, judged by the Body mass index (BMI) is increased. According to the BMI, a distinction is made between
Of the Body mass index is a calculated value that can be used to assess whether and, if so, how much Obesity a person has. The body mass index (BMI) is determined by the WHO (World Health Organization) recommended as a guideline. Of the Body mass index is calculated from body height and weight and therefore disregards gender, stature and age and may only be used in adults. The Body Mass Index doesn't give that much detail, however Obesity because the body composition is not taken into account.
$config[ads_text1] not found
Detailed information on the calculation and application can be found under Body mass index.
Basically it can become one Fat deposit and obesity only come about if the energy intake with food is higher than the energy consumption, i.e. at positive energy balance.
However, there is an individually different one Tilt to overweight, one familial accumulation is evidently being a genetic disposition
(Disposition) is suspected. Of course, the influence of the environment (lifestyle with regard to nutrition and exercise) and the role model function of the parents must also be taken into account.
The Genetic research was able to use animal models (environmental influences can largely be excluded here) genetic defects describe who have provided groundbreaking insights into human obesity. One discovered the so-called. ob-gene and its product leptin (Greek Leptos = slim). If the test animals lacked biologically active leptin, they were too fat and ate too much compared to their fellow animals.
$config[ads_text2] not foundIn humans, there are three models used in studies of heredity:
The type, amount and quality of the food consumed seems to be environmental and due to the Role model function To be learned from parents, siblings and other caregivers.
Eating behavior and eating habits as well as the likes and dislikes for certain foods are in the Acquired childhoodwhile a reduced energy consumption (Basal metabolic rate, thermogenesis (body heat), physical activity) can be inherited and is genetically determined. However, being overweight does not mean an increased amount of fat. Too high a percentage of muscle mass is also called Obesity designated.
A prolonged increased weight / obesity is usually associated with a variety of diseases, symptoms, complaints and impairments. There are physical, psychological and social consequences of being overweight:
Please also read our article on this
$config[ads_text2] not found
$config[ads_text3] not foundCritical life phases for the development of obesity
Overweight (Obesity) can arise at any age. However, there are phases in which a changed energy requirement occurs and the risk of becoming overweight is particularly high.
There are a lot of articles published in the media about how to lose excess weight quickly. But with such crash diets there is often the threat of the yo-yo effect, i.e. as soon as the diet is over, the body weight increases rapidly again. It is therefore particularly important to change your behavior with regard to diet and exercise in order to lose excess weight and to be able to keep the reduced body weight constant over the long term.
$config[ads_text4] not found
What might also interest you: Lose weight on the stomach
The important thing is not to lose excess weight quickly, but to lose weight healthily by changing eating habits and increasing exercise, which should be adapted to the individual body. It is also important to include everyone in the household (partner, family) in the changeover. Psychotherapeutic support can also help to identify the reasons for being overweight and to increase the motivation to lose weight.
Negative energy balance
Weight loss is based on a negative energy balance, i.e. the energy consumed must be higher than the energy supplied with food. The energy consumed per day is made up of the basal metabolic rate (amount of energy that the body needs to maintain the basic functions) and the output (amount of energy that is consumed by additional processes such as physical activity, heat regulation, etc.). The basal metabolic rate depends on many factors, including Gender, age, physique and can only be influenced to a limited extent. The performance turnover, however, can e.g. can be increased through regular physical activity.
Change in energy intake
Reduction diet:
The goal is a healthy and balanced diet, whereby the calorie intake per day should be at least 500kcal less than the energy consumed during the day. A guideline is the maximum total calorie intake of approx. 1200 kcal / d during weight reduction. The individual calorie intake should, however, be agreed with the treating doctor / nutritionist.
Important principles for nutrition are: low in fat, high in protein, high in fiber. Below are some simple methods that can help you save calories in everyday life:
- Refrain from sweetened drinks (lemonades, iced tea, fruit juices, etc.), instead drink sufficient amounts of water and unsweetened tea (at least 2-3 liters / day)
- Avoid quickly available carbohydrates (white bread, sweets, pastries, etc.), prefer whole grain products instead
- No alcohol (high calorie content!)
- Replacement of saturated fatty acids (especially animal products) with polyunsaturated fatty acids (e.g. in vegetable products, fish)
In particular, if you are very overweight or obese, you should definitely consult a doctor or nutritionist in order to work out appropriate nutrition plans for the individual patient and to give detailed advice on weight reduction options.
$config[ads_text1] not found
Weight Loss Drugs:
There is also the option of using certain medications (Almased) to support weight loss. The drug options for weight loss include 3 groups of substances: appetite suppressants, bulking agents and fat blockers. However, no drug alone leads to weight loss and certain side effects must always be expected.
Read more on the subject at: Diet pills
Surgical intervention options:
The area of bariatric surgery deals with operations on the gastrointestinal tract that are intended to help obese patients lose weight (e.g. gastric balloon, gastric band, etc.).
All interventions serve either to restrict the capacity of the stomach in order to limit the amount of food consumed or to reduce the absorption of certain food components (e.g. fats) in order to limit the number of calories consumed.
Please also read: Metabolic Balance
Change in energy consumption:
In order to lose excess weight, you have to Energy consumption always above energy consumption lie. It is recommended to increase this consumption through physical activity. In addition to weight loss has regular moderate physical activity (at least 30 minutes of brisk walking 3 times a week) further advantages:
Different lead sports at different intensities to different levels of energy consumption. So is the energy consumption with sedentary work per hour at about 120kcal, while Cycling around 200-800kcal per hour consumed and Jog about 600-1000kcal.
Which sport is best suited for the respective patient always has to be carefully considered become. Because especially with overweight people it is important to do sports that are easy on the joints (swim, Walking, etc.) to be preferred to a excessive joint wear to prevent. In addition, endurance sports should always be combined with strength exercises Musculature build up and counteract bad posture.
Before starting the sport, one is recommended medical examination regarding resilience of the patient. Performance diagnostics can also avoid training in an unfavorable area (anaerobic). The goal is always that aerobic exercisewhere the energy is completely provided by processes of combustion with oxygen. For example, based on the pulse (Heart rate) an area can be determined where the optimal training success is achieved.
$config[ads_text2] not foundThe Causes of Obesity (Obesity) are individually different.
Causes can be:
are the most common triggers. Genetic Syndromes as the cause Rare. In some cases, obesity arises as a result of other diseases (secondary obesity) and as a side effect of medication. In severe cases of obesity, a Stomach reduction should be considered.
-> Read on about the causes of obesity
Further information on the subject of obesity is available at:
Further general information that may also be of interest to you:
All topics that have been published in the field of internal medicine can be found under: Internal Medicine A-Z