Depending on the fluid intake, humans produce around one to two liters of urine per day with the help of our excretory organs, the kidneys. In addition to water, harmful metabolic products that are no longer required can also be excreted in the urine. These urinary substances are filtered out of the blood through the kidneys.
Our urine is usually clear and from light yellow to colorless in color. The odor of fresh urine is usually neutral, but bacterial decomposition quickly takes it on to its typical pungent, ammonia-like odor. This can vary depending on your diet and fluid intake. The morning urine is usually darker than the urine released during the day.
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The yellow color of urine is caused by urochrome. These are metabolic products that are formed when the red blood pigment hemoglobin is broken down. Urine is 95 percent water. It also contains many organic and inorganic substances such as electrolytes, creatinine, urea, uric acid, amino acids, ketone bodies, small amounts of protein and possibly vitamins and hormones.
Metabolic end products as well as toxins and drugs are disposed of from the body through the urine. Our urine can also take on other colors. Discolored urine, but also abnormal smell and appearance can be completely harmless, but they can also indicate certain diseases.
Read more on the subject at: Why is the urine yellow?
The color of the urine naturally depends on the amount of water consumed by the person. If a lot of fluid is ingested, the urine color is light yellow to transparent. If too little is drunk, the urine can become dark yellow to amber.
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Diet also plays a role. A protein-rich diet leads to more urine being produced because too much protein is converted into water-soluble urea and then excreted in the urine.
Certain drugs with the active ingredients L-dopa or alpha-methyldopa can also cause the urine to become very dark.
Very often a dark urine color is caused by not drinking enough water.
Furthermore, fluid and electrolyte loss in other ways, such as increased sweating, severe diarrhea or vomiting, can cause the urine to be dark in color. If there is such a lack of fluids, the urine is concentrated much more strongly and therefore discolored to the point of brown.
If despite an increase in the amount consumed and none of the above If the urine is dark in color, this should be clarified by a doctor.
Read more about this under: Why is my urine dark?
If a dark discoloration of the urine cannot be explained by one of the possible causes listed above and the urine does not improve or lighten despite increasing the amount of water consumed, a doctor should be consulted and the symptoms should be clarified by a doctor.
Dark urine can appear in different facets. It can be colored from yellowish-brown to dark-orange-red to dark brown or almost black. This can have harmless causes, for example the use of certain medications and specific antibiotics.
$config[ads_text3] not foundNaturally, depending on the amount of water we drink, our urine is light yellow to transparent and of a clear consistency.
If large amounts of urine are given during the day, one speaks of polyuria (> 2000ml production / day). The polyuria is then usually accompanied by a light coloration of the urine that is almost colorless. After drinking a lot of fluids, this is perfectly normal.
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Light-colored urine can also indicate diseases such as diabetes insipidus or untreated diabetes mellitus. Since these clinical pictures require treatment, abnormalities in the urine should be clarified by a doctor.
The color of the urine itself cannot be a sign of a pregnancy. When determining pregnancy, certain signs of pregnancy are distinguished from unsure signs.
Uncertain signs of pregnancy are the absence of a menstrual period, nausea, vomiting and a feeling of tension in the breasts.
What is certain, however, is the detection of a certain hormone, the β-HCG, which is formed by the placenta during pregnancy. Β-HCG is detectable in the blood 6-9 days after fertilization and in the urine from about the 14th day. This can be done in the urine with the help of a rapid urine test, with the earliest possible detection in the morning urine.
Read more about this under: Signs of pregnancy
The human body adapts to an existing pregnancy through various changes. For example, the heart rate and blood volume increase, the vascular resistance in the periphery decreases and the chest grows. The metabolism changes, which can lead, among other things, to changes in bowel function and constipation.
$config[ads_text4] not foundSince the kidneys are supplied with more blood during pregnancy and kidney function and filtration behavior change, this can also have a certain effect on the color of the urine. Major changes in color or consistency should be seen by a doctor and the urine examined.
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Blue or green urine is rare. Possible causes:
Normally, human urine is light yellow to translucent and of a clear consistency.
Foamy urine can be an indication of increased protein content in the urine, cloudy urine can contain pus and fibrin and be caused by an inflammation, for example a urinary tract infection.
Diet and drinking behavior also play a major role in the color of the urine. An example is the red color of the urine after eating beetroot. A red color in the urine can also be caused by urinary tract or kidney disease, or it can be the result of medication (Rifampicin) be. Other drugs can turn the urine blue-green.
Some dietary supplements, especially vitamin preparations, lead to a more intensive coloring up to a neon yellow color.
Depending on our eating and drinking habits, our physiological urine can also vary in color. If the urine is colorless, this may be the result of a large amount of drinking, but it can also be caused by an unrecognized diabetes disease. Other clinical pictures such as liver and kidney diseases or rare diseases such as porphyrias can also cause the urine to change color.
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One should pay attention if the urine color or urine odor changes or if it suddenly becomes cloudy without being able to find a plausible cause. In such a case, a doctor should be consulted urgently.
If the urine is orange to brownish in color, this can be a sign that you are drinking too little. However, taking certain medications, for example the antibiotic nitrofurantoin, can lead to such discoloration of the urine.
A disease of the liver or biliary tract can also be the cause. For example, if the bile ducts are blocked by a gallstone, the bile pigment bilirubin cannot be excreted in the stool. As a result, more bilirubin is released in the urine and the stool loses color.
Ingesting large amounts of carrot juice or berries can also lead to a slightly orange color of the urine.
If the urine turns lemon yellow, it may be the result of excess vitamins that the body cannot absorb. This is particularly common when taking food supplements, especially vitamin supplements. The ingestion of large amounts of fruit juice, possibly in combination with otherwise only a small amount of drink, can turn the urine very yellow.
If the urine takes on a neon yellow color, this can have similar causes as a lemon yellow discoloration. The reason for this is usually the intake of a dietary supplement or a vitamin preparation, especially the intake of high doses of vitamin B2 leads to a deep yellow or neon colored discoloration of the urine.
General symptoms of diabetes mellitus are decreased performance and fatigue, but also so-called polyuria, a significantly increased urine production (<2000ml / day). In addition, the patient may suffer from an almost excruciating thirst (Polydipsia). The greatly increased urge to urinate is caused by glucosuria, so the appearance of glucose in the urine (<15mg / dl) designated. Glucose is an osmotically active particle, so it draws water with it, causing increased urine output. Since the strong thirst often causes increased drinking behavior, this leads to less concentrated urine. This low concentration of urine then has a light yellow to transparent color.
With diabetes insipidus (so-called "water clock") the kidneys lose their ability to concentrate urine and large amounts of unfocused, i.e. pale yellow to transparent urine are excreted. As a result, patients constantly suffer from an excruciating feeling of thirst as the body tries to compensate for the loss of fluid.
Read more about this under: How do I recognize diabetes?
Liver and gallbladder diseases such as Hepatitis, cirrhosis, or jaundice (Jaundice) as a result of gallstone disease can cause the urine to darken. The urine can take on a yellow-orange to brownish color. In addition, this can be caused by metabolic disorders such as porphyrias (disturbed heme biosynthesis) be conditional.
$config[ads_text2] not foundIn the case of gallstones, the cause of the dark color is that the bile pigment bilirubin is no longer excreted via the intestine due to the obstruction of the biliary tract. As a result, it is increasingly released in the urine and causes a dark discoloration. On the other hand, the stool will lose its dark color.
Patients affected by acute kidney failure are often only able to pass little or no urine at all. However, depending on the cause and course of the disease, it can also lead to polyuria, i.e. a greatly increased urine excretion. This can make the urine either lighter or darker and the amount can vary.
A change in urine color in a chronic event occurs gradually. Kidneys can no longer concentrate the urine, which is why it is usually light or not very colored. If non-specific symptoms such as exhaustion, tiredness, water retention or loss of appetite occur over a longer period of time, chronic kidney failure can be a possible cause and the symptoms can be clarified by a doctor.
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