The neutral-zero method is a standardized method to document the extent of movement of a joint. The range of motion is given in degrees. In this way, other doctors who have not seen the patient can understand the range of motion or, if necessary, restrictions in the joint movements.
To understand the neutral zero method, one must first understand the Neutral position which is indicated with 0 °. She is the position in which a person is stands upright, his poor hang down that thumb point forward and the Feet stand parallel to each other. The Knee joints and the Elbow are not completely stretched out, but lie relaxed on the body. The small angle that arises is still given as 0 °.
In order to understand the information about freedom of movement of a joint, must also the direction to be calledin which is tested. In the statutory accident insurance, it has become established first of all to indicate the movements that move away from the body. These include Elongation, Outward rotation or Outward movement like spreading an arm. This is followed by the neutral position and then come the movements that are directed towards the body: diffraction, Inward rotation and Inward movement how to bring the Upper arm.
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A normal healthy range of motion can look like this: 10°-0°-120. 10 ° extension in one joint, 0 ° is the neutral position, 120 ° flexion in the same joint. A joint often has the ability to move in more directions than forward or backward. So must be the neutral zero method for each direction of movement be written down. Usually a joint can turn into three different axes move in space. One speaks of three degrees of freedom. If one or two main directions are blocked, the number of degrees of freedom is minimized.
Joints can be in real and fake joints to be grouped. You can find out more about this here.
There is also a classification according to Shape of the articular surface. So there are eight types of joints.
You can find an overview of all Dr-Gumpert images at: medical illustrations
Shoulder joint: It is a Ball joint and have three degrees of freedom. In the neutral-zero method this is stated as follows:
40° - 0° - 170° in the flexion (backward movement) and extension (forward movement) of the upper arm towards the upper body
30° - 0° - 40° Spreading and bringing the upper arm towards you
60° - 0° - 70° Outward turning and inward turning
Elbow joint: It is a compound joint and consists of one Upper arm-ulnar joint, one Upper arm-spoke joint and one Ellen-spoke joint. The first is a Hinge joint and can do a flexion or extension. The second is a Ball joint, but because of its connective tissue attachment it has only two degrees of freedom, inward and outward rotation and extension or flexion. The third is a Wheel joint. Together, this is a swivel hinge joint and therefore has two degrees of freedom.
$config[ads_text3] not found10° (possible for children and women) – 0° - 150° Extension and flexion of the forearm to the upper arm.
90° - 0° - 90° Rotation outwards and inwards. This movement coincides with the distal ulnar-spoke joint.
wrist: The wrist is a Egg joint and has the following degrees of freedom:
20-30° - 0° - 30-40° Bending sideways to the ulna or bending to the spoke
Head joint: The head joint is the joint between the skull and the Cervical spine. It is divided into an upper and a lower joint. In technical jargon, they are called Articulatio atlantooccipitalis and as Articulatio atlantoaxialis designated. In the atlantoaxial joint, the lower head joint, which is located between the first cervical vertebra (Atlas) and the second (Axis) lies. It becomes the Wheel joints counted and is responsible for the rotation of the head. The atlanto-occipital joint is located between the first cervical vertebra (atlas) and the base of the skull. This is a Egg jointthat allows the head to tilt forwards and backwards, i.e. is responsible for nodding.
hip joint: The range of motion of the Nut joint lies by:
5-10° - 0° - 130° Extension / Flexion
45° - 0° - 30° Spreading / bringing in
50° - 0° - 40° Turning outwards / inwards
Knee joint: It's about a Condylar joint. It has the following degrees of freedom in its two main axes:
5-10° - 0° - 130° Extension and Flexion
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30-40° - 0° - 10° Outward rotation and inward rotation with the knee bent.
Upper ankle: It is a pure one Hinge jointformed by the lower leg bones and talus. His freedom of movement is about:
20° - 0° - 40° Raising and lowering the foot
Lower ankle: There is an anterior and posterior lower ankle joint. Together they only have one main axis with the following mobility:
15-10° - 0° - 20-30° Raise or lower the outer edge of the foot. The lifting of the edge of the foot is called eversion. Lowering as an inversion.
Metatarsophalangeal joint: It lies between the head of the metatarsal bone and the first limb of the toe bone. Actually the joint is a Ball joint. Its freedom of movement is restricted by important ligaments and muscles. So only the following movement is possible:
70° - 0° - 45° Stretching and bending the metatarsophalangeal joint of the big toe.
At the above Degrees of freedom of movement the most important joints in the body are Standard values, a minimal deviation is always possible and is not of any further concern.
It comes to clear deviation the normal values, something may be wrong with the joint. Restricted movements are then also displayed differently. Will the Neutral zero position no longer achieved due to an illness, the value "0 °" shifts from the center to the side where the deficit exists.
An example of one impaired freedom of movement would be in a joint 0°-20°-20° (Extension / flexion). It would be a Joint stiffening act. The joint would thus have its neutral-zero position at 20 ° and cannot be moved. So it has a range of motion of 0 ° with a stretch deficit of 20 °.
Another example often comes with one Elbow fracture in front. After the break, the elbow can be bent to a maximum of 100 °, the extension remains at 30 °. The extension deficit is thus 30 °. In the neutral-zero method, it looks like this: 0°-30°-100° Extension / Flexion.
With this uniform method, every doctor can do that Understand movement deficitwithout even having seen the person concerned.